May 11, 2024

Course Catalog 2020-2021

Course Catalog 2020-2021 [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Course Descriptions

Students planning a program of study or concentration are urged to review program requirements and course descriptions before meeting with their advisors. Not all courses listed here are taught every year, and students should consult the Course Schedule on the Wheaton website for information about offerings in a particular semester. Courses are numbered to indicate levels of advancement as follows: 100–199, elementary or introductory; 200–299, intermediate; 300 and above, advanced. Departments often design new courses, either to be offered on a one-time basis or an experimental basis, before deciding whether to make them a regular part of the curriculum. These courses are numbered 098, 198, 298 or 398.

Information is available online through WINDOW about prerequisites that must be completed before enrolling in a course, as well as the curriculum and general education requirements that a course fulfills. Most courses are offered for one course credit; a course credit at Wheaton is the equivalent of four semester hours.

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History of Art
	ARTH 398 - Representing the Enchanted World Representing The Enchanted Early Modern World: This course will examine European-made representations of witches, angels, demons, monsters and other enchanted and so-called marvelous beings made between 1500-1800—the era of the famous witch hunts and a period of dramatic confrontation between belief and disbelief about these figures. Harrowing tales of witches’ sabbaths, moving accounts of angelic visitations, dramatic paintings of hellish demons, and travel accounts of mermaids contributed to ongoing debates about the existence of enchanted beings, how to contact them, and alternately how to banish them. We will study primary texts and visual representations in painting, sculpture, and print to ask what people believed about these otherworldly creatures. Through close analysis of several case studies you will be introduced to a range of approaches to examining early modern art objects that circulated as part of religious, social, and political culture. Themes to be addressed include the circulation of knowledge, institutions of power, “high” and “low” culture, and gender and sexuality. Credits 1 Notes Cross-listed with WGS 398
	ARTH 398 - Slavery, Protest, and the Public Monument The urge to publicly memorialize or condemn racially charged moments in American history has long roots. Students in this course will examine the full range and intent of such monuments, from works designed to commemorate abolition efforts, Emancipation, and Civil Rights activism; post-Reconstruction Confederate memorials erected to bolster the “Lost Cause” mythology of the Jim Crow era; and public installations by contemporary African-American artists whose work has powerfully challenged the legacy of the Confederate monument. Throughout the semester, students will consider the roles that urban planners, designers, politicians, university officials, and museum professionals have played in the discourse over race and the public memorial. Credits 1
	ARTH 398 - The Early Modern City: “Theater of the World” An examination of the idea of the city—as material fabric of civic identity, artistic center, and hub of international exchange—in the early modern era (1400-1750) with a focus on five urban centers: Rome, Venice, Amsterdam, Constantinople (Istanbul), and Tenochtitlan (Mexico City). As today’s global cities like New York, Singapore, Dubai, and, indeed, Mexico City continue to explode in population and their importance on the global stage, this course will allow students to look back at the historical place of cities in the global early modern era. Students will study topics such as city planning and urban projects; planned and ideal cities; civic festivals; public spaces and urban monuments; maps, atlases, and city views; and pilgrimage and travel to cities. Ultimately, we will ask how the urban fabric of early modern cities shaped human activity. Credits 1
	ARTH 399 - Selected Topics An opportunity to do independent work in a particular area not included in the regular courses. Credits 1
	ARTH 401 - Seminar - Cultural Appropriation in a Postcolonial Context Cultural Appropriation in a Postcolonial Context: This seminar examines the work of artists and designers, in both Europe and the US, who strategically and knowingly made direct cultural appropriations from African, Middle Eastern, ancient American and Asian traditions. Modern art was profoundly shaped by a system of beliefs projected onto other cultures, via material objects. Through close study of select artists and case studies from the visual culture of colonialism, we study the relationship between art and imperialism, and the role of visual representation in shaping constructions of exoticism, race, and sexuality. Readings will introduce students to the various methodologies that art historians, anthropologists, and postcolonial theorists have used to unpack the complex political issues surrounding cultural appropriation. We also consider the work of several contemporary artists raising critical questions about the legacies of colonialism. Prerequisites Senior History of Art Majors and other qualified students by Permission of Instructor Credits 1
	ARTH 499 - Independent Research Offered to selected majors at the invitation of the department. Credits 1
	ARTH 500 - Individual Research Offered to selected majors at the invitation of the department Credits 1
Astronomy
	AST 099 - Independent Study An opportunity to do independent work in a particular area not included in the regular courses. Credits .5
	AST 130 - The Universe Properties of stars and how they are born and die, black holes, galaxies, quasars and the origin and evolution of the universe. Weekly two-hour laboratories retrace the steps involved in measuring the age and size of the universe, with enrichment laboratories in astronomical photography and observing. Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected with lecture. Area Natural Sciences Connection 20059, 20077 Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	AST 140 - The Solar System The processes that shape the surfaces and atmospheres of planets and satellites and how the planets have evolved in different directions. Students will learn how planetary data are gathered and how to interpret those data and will design a mission to address one of the many remaining mysteries of the solar system. Credits 1 Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	AST 198 - Rocket Science Space … the final frontier. How do we get there, what should we bring with us, and what will we find? This class will give students a broad background in the challenges and opportunities of space exploration and the commercial development of space. Specifically, the class will focus on the physics of rocketry, orbital dynamics, spacecraft engineering, telecommunications, instrumentation, and planetary geology. Students will use hands-on activities and computer exercises to simulate space mission design and operations. Students coming into the class should be comfortable with using algebra and trigonometry, and expect a fast and challenging introductory class – it is rocket science, after all. Credits 1 Notes Cross-listed with PHYS 198 Rocket Science
	AST 199 - Independent Study An opportunity to do independent work in a particular area not included in the regular courses. Credits 1
	AST 202 - Frontiers of Astronomy Students will write on topics of their own choosing in modern astronomy, such as neutron stars, black holes, quasars, active galaxies, the Redshift Controversy, the Big Bang and the fate of the universe. Prerequisites One previous course in Astronomy or Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Area Natural Sciences Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	AST 250 - Ancient Astronomies We will study coordinate systems, celestial navigation, eclipses and the motions of the sun, moon and planets. We will then use this knowledge to view the skies through ancient eyes, especially those of Islamic and Mayan astronomers, and gain insight into these cultures and their shared passion for astronomy. Prerequisites One Astronomy of Physics course Credits 1 Connection 20071 Foundation Beyond the West, Quantitative Analysis Compass Attributes Quantitative Analysis
	AST 272 - Introduction to Astrophysics In this class we will start exploring the physics behind astronomical phenomena. Why and how do stars shine? How do we find out compositions of stars, nebulae, and galaxies? What is the life cycle of stars? What powers supernovae, quasars, and blazars? We will also discuss unanswered problems like dark matter, dark energy and an accelerating universe. Prerequisites PHYS 170 or AST 130 or Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Area Natural Sciences Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	AST 299 - Independent Study An opportunity to do independent work in a particular area not included in the regular courses. Prerequisites Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Area Natural Sciences Division Natural Science
	AST 302 - Advanced Astrophysics Topics will include orbital mechanics: from Kepler to Newton; stellar structure and evolution: from protostars to main sequence stars to degenerate remnants; radiative processes: blackbody, synchrotron, bremsstrahlung, and Compton scattering; accretion disks and jets near black holes and neutron stars. Prerequisites AST 272 or PHYS 225 or Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Area Natural Sciences Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	AST 303 - Astrobiology Is there life on other planets? Science has not yet answered this fundamental question. We can approach an answer by examining current research on the origin of life, habitable environments on other planets, and the cosmic distribution of life’s building blocks. A multidisciplinary seminar for students from any science background. Credits 1 Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	AST 305 - Observational Astronomy Students will use Wheaton telescopes and our observatory in Australia to carry out independent research projects, such as color imaging, astrometry and photometry of near-earth asteroids, searching for supernovae and determining the light curves of variable stars. Prerequisites One course in Astronomy or PHYS 180 or Permission of Instructor. Credits 1 Area Natural Sciences Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	AST 399 - Independent Study An opportunity to do independent work in a particular area not included in the regular courses. Credits 1
	AST 500 - Individual Research Selected majors are invited by the department to pursue individual research in preparation for writing an Honors Thesis. Prerequisites Permission of Instructor Credits 1
Biology
	BIO 099 - Selected Topics Discussion and research on special aspects of biology such as animal or plant physiology, animal development, ecology, microbiology and genetics; content varies with the interest of students and instructors. Credits .5 Notes Offered at the discretion of the department.
	BIO 101 - An Introduction to Biology This course is taught using an issues-oriented approach and includes topics of current interest to today’ society, such as the human genome project, genetic testing, genetically modified foods, the population explosion, nutrition, cancer and biodiversity. This course encourages critical thinking and questioning and teaches you tools that will enable you to evaluate scientific arguments and make appropriate decisions affecting your life and society. This is an introductory, laboratory-based course in biology for non-majors. Three hours lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected with the lecture. Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 105 - Nutrition The course focuses on nutrients and their digestion and metabolism. The application of the fundamentals of nutrition to daily life and health issues such as dieting, exercise, weight control, eating disorders, heart disease, cancer, safety of food additives, genetically modified foods and farming practices. Students will carry out an independent project. Three hours lecture and three hours lab per week. Credits 1 Notes A lab section mus be selected with lecture. Open to Seniors, Juniors and Sophomores. Preference given to students pursuing a Pre-Health Program. Area Natural Science Connection 23002, 23021 Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 106 - Human Anatomy Biology 106 is a survey course covering basic human anatomy. The course will cover the structure and function of major organ systems with an emphasis on the skeletal and muscular systems. This course is intended for pre-health students interested in perusing nursing, physical therapy and physician’ assistant programs and students interested in connections. This course is connected to ART 340 and THEA 140 and each student is required to do a connected project. This course is three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory exercises per week. Biology 106 counts as a related course for Biology majors. Prerequisites Permission of Instructor. Registration for the pre-application section of this course is required. Eligibility to enroll in this course will be determined at the first day of class. Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected with lecture. Preference will be given to students pursuing nursing, physical therapy or physician’s assistant programs. Students interested in connecting ARTS 340 or THEA 140 may request to enroll. Area Natural Science Connection 20001, 20010 Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 111 - Evolution and Ecology The study of evolution as a process, as it relates to patterns of distribution and abundance of organisms in ecosystems. Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory per week. Bio 111, required for majors in the biological sciences, may be taken either before or after BIO 112 . Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected with lecture. This course is not recommended for non-science majors looking to fulfill the Natural Science requirement. Preference will be given to First Year students planning to major in Biology, Environmental Science, Neuroscience or planning a pre-professional concentration in health sciences. Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 112 - Cells and Genes Introduces the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of inheritance, and discusses the cellular and molecular processes and principles shared by living organisms. Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory per week. Bio 112, required for majors in the biological sciences, may be taken either before or after BIO 111 . Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected with lecture. This course is not recommended for non-science majors looking to fulfill the Natural Science requirement. Preference will be given to First Year students planning to major in Biology, Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, Environmental Science, Neuroscience or planning a pre-professional concentration in health sciences. Area Natural Science Connection 20026 Division Natural Science
	BIO 115 - Natural History of New England Forests A field-based course with observational and experimental activities. Students will learn to identify the common flora and fauna of the surrounding forest community. The course will also examine historical and contemporary human impact on New England forests. Field trips to coastal forest ecosystem and the Fisher Museum at the Harvard Forest. Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected with lecture. Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 198 - Exercise Physiology Explore the foundations of exercise from a scientific perspective and apply this knowledge to real-world settings. We will study the human body’s physiological and biomechanical adaptations as related to health and fitness conditioning for athletes, non-athletes, and special populations, and to a greater understanding of athletic performance limitations. We will approach the topic through hands-on, experiential learning. This course serves as a prerequisite for several Physical Therapy programs Credits 1 Area Natural Science Division Natural Sciences
	BIO 199 - Selected Topics Discussion and research on special aspects of biology such as animal or plant physiology, animal development, ecology, microbiology and genetics; content varies with the interest of students and instructors. Credits 1 Notes Offered at the discretion of the department.
	BIO 201 - Environmental Science An overview of current environmental concerns and the scientific theory needed to address them. Population growth, community ecology, biodiversity, endangered species management, ground-water quality and introduced species. This class is not intended to be a substitute for a course in ecology and students planning to pursue careers in ecology or environmental science are advised to take BIO 215 in addition to this class. Three hours lecture per week. Prerequisites BIO 111 or BIO 112 or AP credit Credits 1 Area Natural Science Connection 23009 Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 211 - Genetics The nature of genes, gene function and gene regulation. The transmission of inherited characteristics and the behavior of genes in populations. Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisites BIO 112 or AP credit Credits 1 Notes A lab section msut be selected with lecture. Chemistry, Environmental Sicence and Neuroscience Majors only. Area Natural Science Connection 20015, 23016 Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 215 - Ecology A survey of the basic principles of ecology, particularly terrestrial ecosystems of New England. Laboratory emphasizes fieldwork. Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisites BIO 101 or BIO 111 or AP credit Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected with leture. Area Natural Science Connection 20063 Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 219 - Cell Biology The organization, functions and behaviors of eukaryotic cells. Cell architecture and cell motility will serve as themes to investigate similarities and specializations of protist, plant and animal cells. Other topics include organelle function, the cytoskeleton, cell division and intracellular transport. Lab will emphasize digital imaging to study cells and cell behaviors. Three hours lecture and three hours lab per week. Prerequisites BIO 101 or BIO 112 or AP credit Credits 1 Area Natural Science Connection 20029, 23012 Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 221 - Microbiology Goals for the Microbiology: To make your knowledge of the bacteria and archaea a functional and integral part of your life as a biologist; to learn to recognize and discuss all of the major groups of bacteria and archaea as well as many specific examples of practical (medical, environmental and industrial) importance; to understand the evolution of the bacteria and archaea; to become comfortable with and conversant on most bacterial and archaeal groups in situ, in spite of their apparent invisibility. Prerequisites BIO 101 or BIO 112 or AP credit Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected with lecture. Area Natural Science Connection 20005 Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 226 - Comparative Animal Behavior An introduction to evolutionary theory as an organizing framework for comparing representative behavior patterns in humans and other animal species. Includes analysis of both the mechanisms and the functions of behaviors. Prerequisites PSY 101 or PSY 225 and BIO 111 or BIO 112 or Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Notes Cross-listed with PSY 226 Area Natural Science Connection 23013 Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 231 - Marine Biology An introduction to the biology of marine organisms from an ecological perspective. Species interactions, distribution patterns and adaptations to the marine environment for the rocky intertidal, soft bottom, subtidal, deep sea, estuarine and coral reef habitats. Laboratories and field trips will provide a survey of marine algae and invertebrates. Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisites BIO 101 or BIO 111 or AP credit Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected with lecture. Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 242 - DNA An amazing blend of biology, chemistry, computing and mathematics emerges when considering the molecule “deoxyribonucleic acid” (DNA). DNA is the blueprint of life for all organisms on Earth and throughout evolutionary time. This course explores DNA from the following four points of view: molecular biology, applied mathematics, evolutionary biology and computer science. Students will analyze DNA sequences by learning to write computer programs (software) in the language Python. Learning to write programs is a pure, distilled form of problem solving, a vital skill for many careers and graduate studies. Historical and ethical aspects of DNA are discussed. Counts as a related course in the biology major and as a 200-level elective in the computer science major. Prerequisites One course in Biology or one course in Computer Science or one course in Mathematics or Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Notes Cross-listed with COMP 242 . Connection 20015 Foundation Quantitative Analysis Compass Attributes Quantitative Analysis
	BIO 244 - Introductory Physiology This course focuses on the function of various animal organ systems and how they work together in order to maintain homeostasis of the individual. The course is primarily based on mammalian systems. A lab component is required, wherein you will test the lecture information experimentally and develop your own independent research project by the end of the semester. Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisites BIO 101 or BIO 111 or BIO 112 or AP credit Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected wih lecture. Area Natural Science Connection 20061 Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 252 - Parasitology and Symbiosis Parasitology as a world health problem with discussions on economic, political and medical aspects of parasite control. Descriptive parasitology and symbiosis. Genetic and physiological interactions between associated organisms. Three hours lecture. Prerequisites One 100-level Biology course or AP credit Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be seleted with lecture. Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 254 - Developmental Biology Cellular and molecular mechanisms of animal embryogenesis with an emphasis on experimental method and on comparisons of patterns of development. Topics include fertilization, mitosis and the cell cycle, pattern and axis formation, neurodevelopment, organogenesis and animal cloning. The laboratory will include observations of both fixed and living embryos. Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisites BIO 112 or AP credit Credits 1 Notes A lab section msut be selected with lecture. Area Natural Science Connection 23012 Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 255 - Vertebrate Evolution and Anatomy The evolutionary history of vertebrates and the vertebrate body form as revealed by the fossil record and the anatomy of extant vertebrates. Laboratory emphasizes comparisons among the various classes of vertebrates with a focus on skeletal anatomy. Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisites BIO 101 or BIO 111 or AP credit Credits 1 Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 261 - Economic Botany The study of how humans use plants and the properties of plants that make them useful. This class will examine the plants used for food, drink, medicines, fiber and wood, as well as the ways that plants have shaped humanity and the history of our own species. Three hours of lecture plus three hours of lab per week. Prerequisites BIO 101 or BIO 111 or AP credit or Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected with lecture. Area Natural Science Connection 23002 Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 280 - Research Regenerative Biology This laboratory-based course will provide motivated science students with an authentic research experience. Students will use the zebrafish, a laboratory research animal, to explore topics such as the molecular basis of size regulation and tissue regeneration in vertebrates. Students will be introduced to essential research skills in this field such as zebrafish handling and life cycle, DNA isolation and genotyping, immunofluorescence/in situ hybridization, and/or microscopic image capture and analysis. During the course, students will learn about experimental design, execute experiments, make detailed observations, and record and analyze their data using appropriate statistical methods. Some weekend laboratory work may be required. The goal of this course is for students to experience firsthand the excitement, challenges, and rewards of scientific research. Prerequisites BIO 111 or BIO 112 or Pemission of Instructor Credits 1 Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 290 - Biology of Whales This course provides a comprehensive review of the biology and conservation of cetaceans. A thorough grounding in cetacean mammalogy and population biology will prepare students to understand conservation problems presented as case histories by leading researchers in the field. Prerequisites BIO 111 or AP credit Credits 1 Notes Students responsible for their own transportation. For more information go to: http://marinestudiesconsortium.org/courses.php Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 291 - Introduction to Marine Mammals This course explores the biology and natural history of marine mammals in the North Atlantic, including whales, dolphins and seals. Topics include evolution, anatomy, behavior, field identification, the history of whaling and contemporary whaling issues. Demonstration laboratory work will focus on a small marine mammal. One Saturday field trip on Massachusetts Bay is required. Prerequisites BIO 111 or AP credit Credits 1 Notes Students responsible for their own transportation. For more information go to: http://marinestudiesconsortium.org/courses.php Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 298 - Biology of Sharks In this course, we will explore the diversity of elasmobranch fishes (sharks, skates, and rays), in terms of evolution, phylogeny, physiology, biomechanics, behaviour, and ecology. We will also look at the relationship between humans and elasmobranch fishes and current conservation issues. The course will include at least one field trip and in-class laboratory activities. Prerequisite: BIO 111 or 112 or permission from the instructor. Credits 1
	BIO 298 - Field Ornithology: Bird Banding, Migration & Conservation In this course we will get outside during the birds’ spring migration season, and students will learn to identify the most common songbirds and seabirds along our coast. We will also explore the hands-on methods ornithologists use to study bird populations, including point counts, territory mapping, and mist-netting. Students will gain practice capturing and banding songbirds and taking physiological data. Field trips will include Boston, Plymouth, Cape Cod and Appledore Island off of Maine. Prerequisites BIO 111 or permission of instructor Credits 1 Notes This intensive 3-week summer course will meet for 7 hours/day for 4 days a week for 4 weeks Area Natural Science Division Natural Science
	BIO 298 - Principles of Cell Biology The organization, functions and behaviors of cells – the basic unit of life. This course will explore how prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells evolved to be self-sustaining living systems able to divide, grow, sense, metabolize, and maintain homeostasis wholly within themselves. The techniques of tissue culture and cloning will be introduced in hands-on exercises inspired and informed by the reading of Rebecca Skoot’s The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. Three hours lecture per week. Credits 1
	BIO 298 - Research in Cell and Developmental Biology How does scientific discovery really happen? Come learn the formal process of scientific research by participating in it yourself! In BIO 289 Research in Cell and Developmental Biology, students will carry out their own original research projects remotely to make discoveries in cell and developmental biology. The course will cover how to design and perform original experiments as well as how to analyze and publish original data. Research models for cell and developmental biology will include developing animals, plants and protists some of which will be at Wheaton and some of which will be provided in research kits sent to students’ locations. Original digital image data to address students’ hypotheses will be generated in Wheaton’s Imaging Center for Undergraduate Collaboration (ICUC) by the professor and will be analyzed remotely by the students. Because the course will generate original research discoveries, it will culminate with students submitting their work for peer review and publication. Come and advance the frontiers of scientific knowledge by trying your own collaborative research project in cell and developmental biology this January! Prerequisites Prerequisites: BIO 101 or BIO 111 or BIO 112 or AP credit or permission of instructor. Credits 1 Notes First offered January 21
	BIO 298 - The Human Gut Microbiome An introduction to the biology of the human gut microbiome. Specific topics may include: disease states, development, interactions with the endocrine, immune and nervous systems, effects of genetics, treatments for disease states, interactions with cancer treatment, probiotics and prebiotics. Three hour per week lecture class. Prerequisites BIO 112 Cells and Genes Credits 1
	BIO 299 - Selected Topics Discussion and research on special aspects of biology such as animal or plant physiology, animal development, ecology, microbiology and genetics; content varies with the interest of students and instructors. Credits 1 Notes Offered at the discretion of the department.
	BIO 303 - Evolution A detailed examination of the causes and mechanisms of evolution. This course emphasizes the major concepts of modern evolutionary biology by exploring contemporary issues. Topics include the basics of evolutionary genetics, natural selection, adaptation, speciation, the origins of biological diversity, evolution in modern society and the conflict between evolution and creationism. Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisites One 200-level Biology course or Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected with lecture. Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 305 - Biochemistry The chemistry and metabolism of biological molecules. The laboratory will introduce the student to concepts and techniques of isolation and characterization of biomolecules, enzyme kinetics and genetic engineering. Three hours lecture, four hours laboratory per week. Prerequisites BIO 112, CHEM 253, CHEM 254 and one of the following: BIO 211 or BIO 219 or BIO 221 or BIO 254 Credits 1 Notes Cross-listed withCHEM 305 A lab section must be selected with lecture. Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 316 - Molecular Biology and Genomics The molecular basis for biological processes. Synthesis, structure, function and regulation of the genome, transcriptome and proteome. A detailed examination of genome dynamics and the control and regulation of genome expression. Contemporary topics in biotechnology such as genetic engineering, cloning, molecular medicine, infectious diseases and biological weapons will also be discussed. Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisites BIO 211 Genetics or Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected with lecture. Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 317 - Molecular Ecology and Evolution An introduction to the concepts and issues in molecular evolution and the emerging field of molecular ecology. Course emphasizes the unique insights provided by the application of molecular methods to questions in ecology and evolution. Topics include rates and processes of molecular evolution, phylogenetic systematics, phylogeography, population genetics, forensics and conservation genetics. Three hours lecture and three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisites Any 200-level Biology course or Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Notes BIO 211 BIO 211 - Genetics strongly recommended Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 318 - Tropical Field Biology An exploration of the biology of tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Course will be taught in alternating years in Costa Rica and Belize. Previous 200-level courses in biology and permission of the instructors required. Prerequisites BIO 111 and any 200-level Biology course and Permission of Instructor. Registration for the pre-application section of this course is required. Eligibility to enroll in this course will be determined at the first day of class. Credits 1 Notes Field component in Belize and Costa Rica during January intersession. Credit will be awarded after completion of January term. Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 320 - Evolution of Invertebrates The goals for this course are to make your knowledge of evolution (with invertebrates as examples) a functional and integral part of your life as a biologist; to learn to recognize and discuss all of the phyla of invertebrates as well as some subphyla and classes in evolutionary context. Prerequisites At least one 200-level Biology course or Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected with lecture. Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 321 - Immunology An overview of the mammalian immune system with an emphasis on humans by using medical case studies. Topics will include: immune cell types, antibodies, self and non-self-recognition, vaccinations and HIV/AIDS. Students will review selected journal articles and write a paper reviewing a disease of their choice. Three hours of lecture per week. Prerequisites BIO 112 and one 200-level Biology course or Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 324 - Neurobiology Organization and function of nervous systems emphasizing cellular and molecular mechanisms. Topics include cell biology of neurons, neuron growth, motor proteins and the cytoskeleton, physiology of excitable membranes and biological circuits. Laboratory emphasizes experimental methods and includes tissue culture and microscopy. Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisites BIO 112 and any one of the following: BIO 211 or BIO 219 or BIO 221 or BIO 226 or BIO 244 or BIO 255 or Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected with lecture. Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 330 - Comparative Biomechanics We will explore organismal form and function by examining some of the basic physical principles that guide structure and how these organisms interact with the environment. We will study the impact of size on biological systems, address the implications of solid and fluid mechanics for organismal design, learn fundamental principles of animal locomotion, and survey biomechanical approaches. Understanding the mechanics of biological organisms can help us gain insight into their behavior, ecology and evolution. Prerequisites BIO 244 or BIO 255 or Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected with lecture. Phy 170 or Phy 180 highly recommended. Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 364 - Freshwater and Marine Botany Taxonomy, ecology, evolution and economics of cyanobacteria, algae and plants inhabiting freshwater and marine ecosystems. Lake, estuary, rocky intertidal, open ocean, kelp bed, seagrass, salt marsh and mangrove ecosystems will be studied. Labs will include collecting trips to local lakes, estuaries, salt marsh and beaches as well as culture and microscopic examination of algae. Three hours lecture and discussion, three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisites At least one 200-level Biology course (BIO 261 Economic Botany perferred) or Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be taken with lecture. Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 375 - Ornithology The study of the origin, anatomy, physiology, classification, behavior and ecology of birds. Much emphasis on fieldwork. Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisites At least one 200-level Biology course or Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Notes A lab section must be selected with lecture. Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 380 - Wetlands Ecology, Hydrology, Restoration This course examines the vital role of wetlands in the hydrology and ecology of global landscapes. The function of inland and coastal marshes, swamps and bogs and their role in water and nutrient cycles will be examined. We will also survey the biodiversity of wetlands habitats, from microbes to vertebrates. The biological links between wetlands and human activities, such as agriculture, coastal development, and fisheries will be considered, as well as the legal framework for the protection and restoration of endangered wetlands. Prerequisites At least one 200-level Biology course. Credits 1 Notes Students responsible for their own transportation. For more information go to: http://marinestudiesconsortium.org/courses.php Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 390 - Biology of Fishes Biology of Fishes is designed for upper-level undergraduates well versed in biological and chemical principles. The 300-level course builds on the student’ knowledge of vertebrate biology in order to explore and appreciate the differences and diversity among fishes. The course combines traditional ichthyology such as systematics, taxonomy, anatomy, and distribution with fish ecology including species interactions, adaptations, behavior, and conservation. It emphasizes the phylogenetic relationships among fishes and the use of systematics as an organizational tool. Prerequisites At least one 200-level Biology course Credits 1 Notes Students responsible for their own transportation. For more information go to: http://marinestudiesconsortium.org/courses.php Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 398 - Conservation Science This course is designed to give students interested in careers in conservation, ecology or environmental science a solid foundation in the science, theory and practice that underlies our attempts to conserve biological diversity. We will focus on the social and ecological consequences of loss of species and changes in ecosystems and the practical and interdisciplinary methods used to study and conserve biodiversity. Students will gain experience monitoring diversity in the field, talk with conservation professionals from around the state, and read, synthesize, and discuss scientific literature. Credits 1
	BIO 398 - Fisheries Science and Management Provides a broad understanding of fisheries science, policy, and management, focusing on the distribution, reproduction, survival, and historical variation of the principal commercial and recreational marine fisheries. Geared towards students interested in marine science, fish ecology, and fisheries biology, policy, and management. 3 hrs lecture per week. Prerequisites: At least one 200-level course in biology or permission of the instructor. Credits 1
	BIO 398 - Plant Mutualisms The study of how plant mutualisms influence the environment in which they exist and how this may change over time. The course will draw on concepts from ecology, evolution, biogeography, and biogeochemistry to study a wide array of mutualisms from several perspectives. Prerequisites BIO 111 Evolution and Ecology and any BIO 200 level-course Credits 1
	BIO 398 - The Human Gut Microbiome A seminar on the human gut microbiome. Specific topics may include: disease states, development, interactions with the endocrine, immune and nervous systems, effects of genetics, treatments for disease states, effects on cancer treatment, probiotics and prebiotics. Prerequisites At least one 200-level Biology course Credits 1 Notes Three hour per week seminar.
	BIO 399 - Selected Topics Discussion and research on special aspects of biology such as animal or plant physiology, animal development, ecology, microbiology and genetics; content varies with the interest of students and instructors. Credits 1 Notes Offered at the discretion of the department.
	BIO 401 - Senior Seminar One semester seminar on a topic involving broad areas of biology. Students will be asked to study at least one specific topic indepth, resulting in written and oral presentations. Prerequisites Open to Seniors Credits 1
	BIO 402 - Senior Seminar One-semester seminar on a topic involving broad areas of biology. Students will be asked to study at least one specific topic in depth, resulting in written and oral presentations. Prerequisites Seniors only Credits 1
	BIO 405 - Senior Seminar in Biochemistry Selected topics from contemporary biochemistry, including protein structure and function, nucleic acid damage and repair. The course focuses on reading and interpretation of primary literature in biochemistry and serves as the capstone for the biochemistry major. Prerequisites CHEM 254 and BIO 305 or CHEM 305 Credits 1 Notes Cross-listed with CHEM 405 Senior Seminar in Biochemistry Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
	BIO 499 - Independent Research (one semester) Independent research project supervised by a member or members of the Biology Department, resulting in a final product such as a public presentation of research or a written report, at the discretion of the supervising faculty member(s). Prior approval of the department is required.
	BIO 500 - Honors Research (two or more semesters) Two semesters are normally required for departmental honors. Prerequisites Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Area Natural Science Division Natural Science Compass Attributes Natural Science
Business and Management
	MGMT 099 - Independent Study An opportunity to do independent work in a particular area not included in the regular courses. Credits .5
	MGMT 111 - Fundamentals of Business The goal of this course is to provide an overview and understanding of the major functions and activities of the business world, including international business. All fundamentals are explored: ethics, organizational behavior, leadership, human resources, communication, product conception, finance, operations, and marketing. Semester-long team projects, designed to develop a “Business Plan” for a theoretical business of the team’s choice, apply and integrate these skills and encourage creativity. Case studies and current events will be crucial supplements to the textbook, and a strong emphasis is placed on participation, communication, and teamwork. Credits 1 Area Social Sciences Division Social Sciences Compass Attributes Social Science
	MGMT 120 - Innovation and Social Change Do you want to make a difference in the world? Are you interested in learning how to build an entrepreneurial venture? If the answer to either of these questions is yes, then this course will show you how. Students will study the basics of entrepreneurship and theories of social change, after which they will explore social, economic, cultural, and environmental problems that affect local and global communities. Working collaboratively in teams, students will then develop and propose solutions to a social problem, and work to transform their ideas into some kind of action. The class provides concrete opportunities for students to develop solutions to real-world challenges. Credits 1 Notes . Area Social Sciences Division Social Sciences Compass Attributes Social Science
	MGMT 141 - Statistics for Social Sciences This course is intended for students in disciplines that require knowledge of statistical methods used in behavioral and social science research. Emphasis is on the conceptual understanding of statistics within the context of research. Relevant research topics are discussed and linked to the appropriate statistical methods. This course is designed to introduce you to the fundamentals of probability theory as well as the basic statistical techniques and procedures used by researchers in the social sciences. You will learn how to organize and present data, and how to select, run, and interpret various statistical tests. The course focuses on the use of statistical techniques as tools in the scientific process and will introduce students to SPSS, a common statistical analysis software for the social sciences. The emphasis is on mastery of the concepts and logic underlying statistical manipulations. At the end of the course, you should be able to understand and appreciate the value of statistical procedures not only as they apply to the social sciences but also as they apply to our thinking as social scientists. Credits 1 Area Social Sciences Division Social Sciences Foundation Social Sciences Compass Attributes Quantitative Analysis, Social Science
	MGMT 198 - Digital Marketing The Internet and related digital technologies have dramatically reshaped how individuals and organizations strategize, develop, design, and market their goods and services. This course adopts a real-world business perspective on analyzing and adopting emerging technology trends, marketing efforts, consumer behaviors and the overall business landscape in a highly connected world. Students will learn current marketing strategies and then put them into practice with hands-on experiential learning components. It will be done through a constant look at current happenings in the online marketing space and planning for the future. Credits 1
	MGMT 198 - Human Resource Management This course provides an overview of the role of human resource management (HRM) in contributing to employee management, organizational effectiveness, and developing a competitive advantage for the organization. Students will learn theories and practices in many different “core” areas of human resource management including staffing, performance management, work and job design, training, compensation, and labor relations. We will also look at the trends in the global environment and how they impact effective human resource practices. Credits 1
	MGMT 198 - Introduction to Social Entrepreneurship Social Entrepreneurship is an approach to solving problems in society that is focused on value creation instead of value capture. Fundamentally, it is about creating and leading organizations that endeavor to advance social change. This course provides a practical toolkit to those desiring to effect social and environmental change through a focus on people, planet, and profits. We understand people to include employees, customers, and the communities where we operate; planet to include all aspects of the natural environment; and profits to include financially viable ventures with sufficient returns to sustain themselves and their owners. Credits 1
	MGMT 199 - Independent Study An opportunity to do independent work in a particular area not included in the regular courses. Credits 1
	MGMT 210 - Responsibility This course will examine responsibilities organizations have in the workplace, marketplace, communities, and society-at-large to a variety of entities (e.g., consumers, local communities, employees, shareholders, suppliers and distributors, policymakers, and other stakeholders). Topics will include the examination of principles and conduct related to personal and professional behavior in areas such as international business, human resources, marketing, finance, accounting, leadership, philanthropy, and the environment. Prerequisites MGMT 111 Credits 1 Area Social Sciences Division Social Sciences Compass Attributes Social Science
	MGMT 220 - Innovation and Social Change in Emerging Economies: Ghana This course explores how innovation and entrepreneurial activity impact the pace of economic and social development in emerging economies. We will examine the kinds of entrepreneurial activity that exist today in various emerging economies and explore ways to spur further innovation. We will apply these ideas by working with high school students and adults in the Western Region of Ghana to develop innovative solutions that address needs and challenges in the communities. This course will link academic course work with a service learning immersion experience in Ghana. Course taught during winter semester. Prerequisites Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Area Social Sciences Division Social Sciences Foundation Beyond the West Compass Attributes Social Science
	MGMT 225 - Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation Social Entrepreneurship is an approach to solving problems in society that is focused on value creation instead of value capture. Fundamentally, it is about creating and leading organizations that endeavor to advance social change. This course provides a practical toolkit to those desiring to effect social and environmental change through a focus on people, planet, and profits. We understand people to include employees, customers, and the communities where we operate; planet to include all aspects of the natural environment; and profits to include financially viable ventures with sufficient returns to sustain themselves and their owners. Credits 1 Area Social Sciences Division Social Sciences Compass Attributes Social Science
	MGMT 250 - Accounting In today’s business environment, knowledge with regard to the financial numbers as well as the analysis of financial statements plays a critical role in an organizations success. This course is designed to introduce students to principles guiding financial management. Students will develop an understanding of the overall accounting cycle including basic concepts and terminology. In addition, the goal is to realize the inherent value that accounting brings to organizations. Financial statements will be created and students will learn how these, along with the detailed accounting functions, provide a mechanism to record and communicate an organization’s financial position and help to foster better decision-making. Prerequisites MGMT 111 Credits 1 Area Social Sciences Division Social Sciences Compass Attributes Social Science
	MGMT 298 - Internship Course Your internship is an experiential learning opportunity where you can practices the skills and expertise that you have acquired in you classes to a real world problem. An internship for academic course allows you to grow professionally and personally by using your internship as a platform for developing learning objectives and reflecting on how you have (or have not) accomplished those learning objectives. This course focuses on guiding your learning in your internship in a manner that promotes reflection and furthers your understanding of how our liberal arts and business education are valuable tools in your future career. Prerequisites Permission of instructor Credits 1 Compass Attributes 1
	MGMT 299 - Independent Study An opportunity to do independent work in a particular area not included in the regular courses. Credits 1
	MGMT 310 - Working and Managing in a Global Environment International Business is conducted around the globe across cultures, languages, traditions, and a range of economic, political, and technological landscapes. This class will examine the challenges to the workers role associated with leadership and prepares students for the complicated yet fascinating discipline of an international management and the global workforce. This class will explore the latest approaches to cross-cultural management, presenting strategies and tactics for managing international assignments and global teams. With a clear emphasis on learning and development to encourage students to acquire skills in cross-cultural competence that will be highly valued by their future employers. These skills have never been more important in a world where, increasingly, all workers and managers are exposed to the global business environment and where management practices and processes can differ significantly across national and regional boundaries. Working and Managing in a Cross-cultural Environment will explore the influence of culture on interpersonal interactions in organizational settings and examining the ever-increasing number of cross-cultural challenges that global managers face in today’s workplace. Prerequisites MGMT 320 or Permission of Instructor Credits 1 Area Social Science Division Social Sciences Compass Attributes Social Science, Global Honors
	MGMT 320 - Organizational Behavior A descriptive and analytical study of organizations with the objective to improve organizational relationships and performance. Areas examined include motivation, leadership, morale, social structure, groups, communications, hierarchy and control in organizational settings including for-profit and non-profit. Prerequisites MGMT 111 Credits 1 Area Social Sciences Division Social Sciences Compass Attributes Social Science
	MGMT 350 - Marketing Marketing is a process of creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers in a way that benefits organizations and stakeholders. We will examine the role of marketing in society, consumer behavior, product management, pricing, distribution and promotion. Marketing strategy and its application in a range of industries (consumer goods and services, business-to-business settings, and not-for-profit organizations) will be introduced. Credits 1 Notes Cross-listed with FNMS 350 for Fall ‘20 term only. Area Social Sciences Division Social Sciences Compass Attributes Social Science
	MGMT 370 - Investments This course provides students with a general understanding of the operation of capital markets and basic analytical tools of investment management. We will start with an overview of financial markets. Information on different types of financial assets and financial markets will be introduced. In the second section, we will quantify the relationship between risk and returns, develop the modern portfolio theory and introduce Capital Market Pricing Model (CAPM) and efficient market hypotheses. We will learn the techniques for optimally constructing portfolio. Finally, we will cover technical skills to value bonds, equity and derivatives. Prerequisites MGMT 250 . Credits 1 Notes Limited to Juniors or Seniors or by Permission of Instructor. Area Social Sciences Division Social Sciences Compass Attributes Social Science
	MGMT 399 - Independent Study An opportunity to do independent work in a particular area not included in the regular courses. Credits 1
	MGMT 401 - Senior Seminar Individual research projects on approved business and management topics of student interest. Secondary and primary research will be conducted, analyzed, resulting recommendations developed and presented. Prerequisites MGMT 320 or MGMT 350 and one of the following statistics courses SOC 141 , PSY 141 , MATH 141 , MATH 151 or MGMT 141 . Credits 1 Notes Open to Senior Majors. Area Social Sciences Division Social Sciences Compass Attributes Social Science
Chinese
	CHIN 099 - Independent Study An opportunity to do independent work in a particular area not included in the regular courses. Credits .5
	CHIN 101 - Elementary Chinese I This course provides the first-time learner basic knowledge and skills in Chinese. We utilize the Pin-Yin system to enable us to recognize Chinese sounds. Next, an introduction to spoken and written modern Chinese. We also introduce written simplified characters. Credits 1 Foundation Foreign Language Compass Attributes Foreign Language
	CHIN 102 - Elementary Chinese II A continuation of CHIN 101 . Credits 1 Foundation Foreign Language Compass Attributes Foreign Language
	CHIN 199 - Independent Study An opportunity to do independent work in a particular area not included in the regular courses. Credits 1
	CHIN 201 - Intermediate Chinese I This is an intermediate level course for modern Chinese (Putonghua). The course builds on the work from the introductory Chinese course. Chinese phonics and basic grammar will be introduced through lectures, exercises and assignments. The course will concentrate on acquiring the ability to understand and produce Chinese at the paragraph level, such as factual description and narration in various content areas, as well as clear expression in intermediate level situations. Credits 1 Foundation Foreign Language Compass Attributes Foreign Language

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Course Descriptions

ARTH 398 - Representing the Enchanted World

ARTH 398 - Slavery, Protest, and the Public Monument

ARTH 398 - The Early Modern City: “Theater of the World”

ARTH 399 - Selected Topics

ARTH 401 - Seminar - Cultural Appropriation in a Postcolonial Context

ARTH 499 - Independent Research

ARTH 500 - Individual Research

AST 099 - Independent Study

AST 130 - The Universe

AST 140 - The Solar System

AST 198 - Rocket Science

AST 199 - Independent Study

AST 202 - Frontiers of Astronomy

AST 250 - Ancient Astronomies

AST 272 - Introduction to Astrophysics

AST 299 - Independent Study

AST 302 - Advanced Astrophysics

AST 303 - Astrobiology

AST 305 - Observational Astronomy

AST 399 - Independent Study

AST 500 - Individual Research

BIO 099 - Selected Topics

BIO 101 - An Introduction to Biology

BIO 105 - Nutrition

BIO 106 - Human Anatomy

BIO 111 - Evolution and Ecology

BIO 112 - Cells and Genes

BIO 115 - Natural History of New England Forests

BIO 198 - Exercise Physiology

BIO 199 - Selected Topics

BIO 201 - Environmental Science

BIO 211 - Genetics

BIO 215 - Ecology

BIO 219 - Cell Biology

BIO 221 - Microbiology

BIO 226 - Comparative Animal Behavior

BIO 231 - Marine Biology

BIO 242 - DNA

BIO 244 - Introductory Physiology

BIO 252 - Parasitology and Symbiosis

BIO 254 - Developmental Biology

BIO 255 - Vertebrate Evolution and Anatomy

BIO 261 - Economic Botany

BIO 280 - Research Regenerative Biology

BIO 290 - Biology of Whales

BIO 291 - Introduction to Marine Mammals

BIO 298 - Biology of Sharks

BIO 298 - Field Ornithology: Bird Banding, Migration & Conservation

BIO 298 - Principles of Cell Biology

BIO 298 - Research in Cell and Developmental Biology

BIO 298 - The Human Gut Microbiome

BIO 299 - Selected Topics

BIO 303 - Evolution

BIO 305 - Biochemistry

BIO 316 - Molecular Biology and Genomics

BIO 317 - Molecular Ecology and Evolution

BIO 318 - Tropical Field Biology

BIO 320 - Evolution of Invertebrates

BIO 321 - Immunology

BIO 324 - Neurobiology

BIO 330 - Comparative Biomechanics

BIO 364 - Freshwater and Marine Botany

BIO 375 - Ornithology

BIO 380 - Wetlands Ecology, Hydrology, Restoration

BIO 390 - Biology of Fishes

BIO 398 - Conservation Science

BIO 398 - Fisheries Science and Management

BIO 398 - Plant Mutualisms

BIO 398 - The Human Gut Microbiome

BIO 399 - Selected Topics

BIO 401 - Senior Seminar

BIO 402 - Senior Seminar

BIO 405 - Senior Seminar in Biochemistry

BIO 499 - Independent Research (one semester)

BIO 500 - Honors Research (two or more semesters)

MGMT 099 - Independent Study

MGMT 111 - Fundamentals of Business

MGMT 120 - Innovation and Social Change

MGMT 141 - Statistics for Social Sciences